The Benefits of Distance Learning Essay -- Teaching Learning Education

The Benefits of Distance Learning I. Easy access for both students and teachers II. Knowledge of instructors and classmates A. Posting of bibliographies III. One-on-one contact between instructor and student A. Phone contact B. Web-site email C. Chat areas IV. Students learn just as easily as in the classroom V. Access to other students through online communication A. Personal emails B. Classroom and group discussion boards C. Online course chat rooms VI. Learning of proper etiquette required for posting discussions VII. Learning computer tools A. Classroom and group discussion boards B. Chat rooms C. Web-site email D. Coffee shop chatting areas VIII. Accessibility for student and instructor assistance A. Technical Support B. Student and Academic Advisors C. Financial Aid Representatives IX. Convenience for students and instructors with everyday issues A. Careers B. Families C. Disabilities X. Overall availability and accessibility of higher-education to everyone A. Students C. Instructors The structure for this outline was determined by the experience as a current student attending an online university, a distance learning program. The outline starts...

Lesson Plan in Science Elementary Essay

Cotabato derives its name from the Maguindanao kuta wato, meaning â€Å"stone fort†, referring to the stone fort which served as the seat of the great Sultan Kudarat in what is now Cotabato City. Cotabato (also North Cotabato; Filipino:Hilagang Kotabato), is a landlocked provinceof the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital isKidapawan City and borders Lanao del Sur and Bukidnon to the north, Davao del Norteand Davao City to the east, Davao del Sur and Sultan Kudarat to the southeast, andMaguindanao to the south and west. Cotabato is subdivided into 17 municipalities and 2 cities.[1] ————————————————- Geography The Province of North Cotabato lies on the eastern part of Region XII and is strategically located in the central part of Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces ofLanao del Sur and Bukidnon, on the east by Davao City and Davao del Norte, on the west by Maguindanao and on the southeast by Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur. North Cotabato is strategically linked to the major â€Å"Arterial Road System† that traverses and connects the province to Davao City – SOCCSKSARGEN – Cotabato Corridor. The Cotabato via Kabacan – Maramag – Kibawe, Bukidnon Sayre Highway meanwhile serves as its link to the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan City Corridor. North Cotabato, with an area of 656,590 hectares representing 45.06% of the whole regional area, stretches west from Mt. Apo, which separates it from Davao, to the Piapayungan Range on its boundary with Lanao. In the midst of these uplands is the basin of the Pulangi or Rio Grande de Mindanao, the second longest in the Philippines at 300 km, which rises in Bukidnon and flows south to Maguindanao and Illana Bay. The province’s fertile plains are traversed by tributaries of this great river. Typhoons do not pass through North Cotabato and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. Sarangani Map of the Philippines with Sarangani highlighted| Sarangani is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region. Its capital is Alabel. With a 230 kilometres (140 mi) coastline along the Sarangani Bay andCelebes Sea, the province is at the southernmost tip of Mindanao Island, and bordersSouth Cotabato to the north and Davao del Sur to the east. Sarangani is part of the South Cotabato-Sultan Kudarat-Sarangani-Gen. Santos City (SOCCSKSARGEN) development cluster, and is linked by paved roads to the international airport and harbor of Gen. Santos City. The province is divided into two parts, separated by the Sarangani Bay and General Santos City, and it used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992.[1] Sultan Kudarat sultan Kudarat (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Sultan Kudarat), is a province of thePhilippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital is Isulan and borders Maguindanao and Cotabato to the north, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south, and Davao del Sur to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the west. Sultan Kudarat is subdivided into 11 municipalities and 1 city. Three of the municipalities (Kalamansig, Lebak, and Palimbang) are coastal towns, while the rest of the province are located inland. Tacurong City is the smallest unit in the province in terms of land area, but it is the most urbanized, and is considered to be the province’s commercial center. Other growth centers are Lebak and Isulan, the latter being the provincial capital.Bagumbayan is the largest town in terms of land area. The 11 municipalities and Tacurong City are further subdivided into 249 barangays. Sultan Kudarat is located on the southwestern part of the island of Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Maguindanao and Cotabato; on the south bySouth Cotabato; on the east by Davao del Sur; and on the west by the Celebes Sea. The province’s total land area is 4783.1898 square kilometres. The three coastal towns on the province’s western side are lined with mountain ranges that wall the central part of the province from the sea. There are also mountains on the eastern side, leaving flat land in between. The climate is characterized by a short dry season lasting from one to three months. Unlike most other provinces in the country, Sultan Kudarat is generally free fromtyphoons and rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year. Sultan Kudarat was once a part of the former empire province of Cotabato. It was created as a separate province along with Maguindanao and North Cotabato on November 22, 1973 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 341 signed by former Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos. The purpose of dividing Cotabato into three (3) smaller provinces is clearly stated in Presidential Decree No. 341, which pertinently provided, to wit: â€Å"Whereas, the province of Cotabato is one of the largest and richest provinces of the Philippines; Whereas, the potentials of the province have not been fully developed due to the magnitude of the task of provincial development and troubles that have long plagued the area; Whereas, the many conflicting political, social and economic interests that have limited the progress of the province must be resolved in order to promote the stability and accelerate the development of Cotabato; and Whereas, there is a need for dividing the present province into smaller units which can be more effectively administered and developed†. The name Sultan Kudarat given to the province was derived from a Muslim ruler, the late Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat who begun to assert his leadership in the year 1619 and reigned the Sultanate of Maguindanao from January 1625 to 1671 AD. He was a virtuous leader who embodied the idea of basic unity, oneness and freedom among the diverse people scattered throughout its Sultanate. For this reason, he was considered as one of the National heroes of our country and for his honour this province was named after him. As of the 2000 census, Sultan Kudarat has a total population of 586,505. The province formerly had a Muslim majority, but Christianmigrants now outnumber Muslims and highlanders. The Ilonggos constitute the majority of the Christian population, with their native language which is Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a as the province’s dominant language. Ilocano and Cebuano are also spoken in some municipalities. Maguindanao is the local language of the Muslim population. Ilocanos and Ilonggos are the only ethno-linguistic dwellers of the province who are not natives of Mindanao since Cebuanos inhabited the island around 17th to 18th century. Classified as a highly-urbanized city, General Santos is the 15th most populous city in the country with 538,086 inhabitants as per census data of 2010.[1] The city is bounded by municipalities of Sarangani Provincenamely Alabel in the east, and Maasim in the south. General Santos is likewise bounded by the South Cotabato municipality of Polomolok and Sarangani Provincemunicipality of Malungon in the north, and the municipality of T’boli in the west. General Santos City is part of the SOCCSKSARGEN region. Notable people * Gerald Anderson, Pinoy Big Brother Teen Edition 3rd Big Placer * Ethel Booba, Comedian * Melai Cantiveros, Pinoy Big Brother Double-Up (Season 3) Big Winner/ Comedian/ Actress * Nonito Donaire, professional boxer * Rolando Navarette, professional boxer * Manny Pacquiao, professional boxer * Shamcey Supsup, Miss Universe 2011 3rd Runner-Up * Zendee Rose Tenerefe, singer, Youtube personality * Paco Evangelista, Pinoy Big Brother Unlimited (Season 4) 4th Big Placer * XB Gensan, Showtime Grand Champion * Cotabato City is independent of Maguindanao province, which is part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. The seat of the ARMM regional government is also in Cotabato City. * General Santos City is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from South Cotabato. * Cities * SOCCSKSARGEN has 3 components cities, 1 independent city and 1 highly urbanized city, these cities are vital in the region’s existence. * Cotabato City – is the regional center of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao but the city is actually part of the SOCCSKSARGEN region and does not belong to the ARMM. * General Santos City – dubbed as the â€Å"Tuna Capital of the Philippines† because of the bountiful existence of Yellow fin Tuna in Sarangani Bay,and as the Highly-Urbanized City it serves as the center of the Metropolitan and the center of trade and industry of SOCCSKARGEN. * Kidapawan City – Kidapawan, the city hailed as â€Å"A Spring in the Highland†, comes from the words â€Å"TIDA† which means spring and â€Å"PAWAN† meaning highland. The city is found at the bottom of the majestic Mt. Apo, the country’s tallest mountain making it a great spot and first-rate tourist attraction. Kidapawan is situated at the southeastern section of Cotabato province, placed in the middle of three other major cities of Davao, Cotabato, General Santos and Koronadal * Koronadal City – a.k.a. Marbel is dubbed as the â€Å"Sports Mecca of the South† because of hosting 2 Palarong Pambansa, National Secondary Press Conference and the Mindanao Business Conference, It is the Regional Center of SOCCSKSARGEN * Tacurong City – is the only city of Sultan Kudarat and it is famous of its Bird Sanctuary. Sarangani Province Sarangani is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital is Alabel and borders South Cotabato to the north and Davao del Sur to the east. To the south lies the Celebes Sea. The province is divided into two parts, separated by the Sarangani Bay, and it used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992. Sarangani is surrounded by the Celebes Sea, Sarangani Bay, and the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and Davao del Sur. The province is also the coastal zone of SOCSKSARGEN (South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, General Santos City), one of the country’s fast growing development clusters. It has seven municipalities (Alabel, Malapatan, Glan, Malungon, Maasim, Kiamba, and Maitum) with 140 barangays. Its vast beachfronts, rolling hills, and fertile plains offer plenty of opportunities. Geography The province is bounded by Sultan Kudarat in the west, South Cotabato in the north, Davao del Sur in the east, and Celebes Sea in the south. Between the eastern and western parts of the province is General Santos City. Political Subdivision The province has one Congressional Representative, and seven municipalities. Population The population of the province as of 2000 census is 410,622. Language/Dialect Sarangani’s mixed population of Cebuano-speaking Blaans and Muslims in the east coast, Ilocano-speaking T’bolis, Manobos, and Muslim in the west coast, and Ilonggo-speaking B’laans and Kaolos in the north uplands, is unique and in harmony. Climate Weather is mild and pleasant and free from typhoons. Industries The province’s agri and fishery based enterprises maintain banana plantations; cattle ranches; bangus, hito, tilapia, tiger prawn fishponds; mariculture; and salt farms. Livestock is just as viable. With more than 7,000 hectares of mango plantation, Sarangani is an emerging source in SOCSKSARGEN aside from being a large producer of copra and sugarcane. Giant companies like DOLE Philippines have ventured into banana, pineapple, and asparagus growing. Fishing and aquaculture also sustain the local economy. ————————————————- Tourism in Sarangani Province * Bangsi Festival January | Maitum, Sarangani Province The Bangsi Festival celebrates Maitum’s prosperous fishing industry, particularly on bangsi (flying fish). The festival features street dancing p†¦ Read more * Maitum Cave The Maitum Cave, also known as the Ayub Cave, is located seven kilometers from the town hall. The cave is home to various potshards from various periods, including those that are likely 3000 years †¦ Read more * Lubi-Lubi Festival October 8 – 11 | Glan, Sarangani ProvinceThe Lubi-Lubi Festival showcases the various uses of the coconut tree through street dances and other celebrations. Source: saranganiprov†¦ South Cotabato Geography South Cotabato is located in the southern of the island of Mindanao. It is bounded by the province of Sultan Kudarat in the north and west, in the east and south by the city of General Santos and province of Sarangani. It lies at a latitude of about 6 degrees and 15†² north and about 125 degrees longitude. Its main access to the sea is through the Sarangani Bay where the modern port of General Santos City is location Political Subdivision South Cotabato has 10 municipalities and one city, 198 barangays and two congressional districts. Population South Cotabato’s population was registered at 690,728 as of the 2000 census. Languages/Dialects For the year 2000, the majority of the population spoke Hiligaynon, Cebuano, T’boli, Ilocano, Bilaan, Maguindanao, and Tagalog. Climate South Cotabato is a typhoon-free province where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year while air humidity generally follows the rainfall pattern. The months from March to June are considered the hottest while December and January are the coolest. Major Industries South Cotabato is an agribusiness destination. It had been so since 37 years ago when the first truck carrying pineapple planting materials rumbled through the dirt road of Polomolok. Long after the dust has settled, South Cotabato has emerged to be the leading producer of peineapple, asparagus, corn, rice, and cattle fattening. Today it claims to be the bread basket of the South. * JC Garden It is located along the national highway, barangay Carpenter Hill. JC Garden is a flower garden specialized in orchid production. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * The Siok Falls The Siok Falls is the biggest waterfall in the city. It is located at Barangay Mabini, eleven kilometers from the City proper. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * Cadidang Cave and Supong Falls This tourist destination is located at Barangay San Jose, Koronadal City. It can be reached by motorcycle. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * Millinium and Cabillion Falls These two waterfalls are found in the mountain of barangay Cacub. The falls are seventeen kilometers away from the heart of the City and is accessible by an improvised motorcycle called skylab.&nbs†¦ Read more * Kalaja Karst Area Gensan is not only home to tuna and Manny Pacquiao. If you are planning to be a rock climber, there’s an area in Gensan worth visiting. Kalaja cave has been the training ground for aspiring r†¦ Read more * Helobong Festival (T’Boli) November 9- November 11 | Lake Sebu, South CotabatoLake Sebu is one of the prettiest places in the Philippines. The place is rich in history because of the Tiboli people residing in the area†¦.

The Ethics Of Computers With Ai - 1093 Words

In recent years, advancements in robotics has been bringing humans and machines to work together. Many autonomous systems are being used for variety of things. Robots can be used for simple tasks like mowing the lawn and vacuuming to advanced tasks like self-driving vehicles. Many of these robots are given artificial intelligence (AI). Development of AI has recently become a major topic among philosophers and engineers. One major concern is the ethics of computers with AI. Robot ethics (roboethics) is an area of study about rules that should be created to ensure that robots behave ethically. Humans are morally obligated to ensure that machines with artificial intelligence behave ethically. In the 1940s, science-fiction author Isaac†¦show more content†¦Then it could run a near infinite number of scenarios where the action could become a universal law. If they robot could accomplish the task, then it morally permissible to act on the maxim. Having a robot that follows the first formulation would also benefit humans. The robot could assist humans by running many scenarios. This would be a good starting point for when an AI needs to make a decision. Rules can be implemented easily since they are categorical. Another approach would be to teach the robot how to respond in situations. The response would need to have an ethical outcome. The method is similar to how humans learn morality. The robot would learn right from wrong. This approach can be effective as long as the teacher acts ethically. Robots could also take an Act Utilitarianism approach to decision making. A robot could run an algorithm to maximize overall happiness. An AI would quantify the happiness that each action would cause and then compare the results. Robots can do the calculations to estimate the amount of happiness that a decision could create a lot faster than humans can. This system could work if nobody is killed or harmed. The rules and laws that govern humans would need to be taken into account. This would ensure that the AI makes an ethical decision. The creation of AIs also needs to beShow MoreRelatedEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 Pagesis extremely intriguing and important in the field of Information Technology. Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we associate to intelligence in a human. Often it has to do with the ability to makeRead MoreThe Government Should Regulate Artificial Intelligence1655 Words   |  7 PagesIntelligence (AI) gradually occupies our life in different aspect and presents in different forms. AI will help big companies to cope with their data analysis and provide them with the best-calculated strategy. AI robots have already been employed in some countries like Japan to help with o ld people or patients who suffer from mental illness. Besides, in governmental and some important social areas like weather forecasting and military training also benefit a lot from AI. Moreover, AI has already defeatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence1595 Words   |  7 PagesNick Bostrom’s article for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence introduces Artificial Intelligence (AI), the process by which a computer performs a task that would typically require a human. He breaks down the incredibly broad field of Artificial Intelligence into four main categories: â€Å"Artificial General Intelligence† (3), â€Å"Machines with Moral Status† (6), â€Å"Minds with Exotic Properties† (9), and â€Å"Superintelligence† (14), describing the characteristics and ethical components of eachRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence In The Military1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfields of work is becoming more prevalent. One of these fi elds where artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to grow rapidly is in the military. All branches of the military are beginning to develop and implement AI on the battlefront in order to replace human soldiers. However, the use of AI to perform life and death decisions is a highly debated over topic. 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Among SOX and the PCAOB, accounting information system (AIS) is a system to automate information and assess internal controls by management. In order to maintain risk assessment, correlation between SOX and the PCAOB and AIS is positively determined. â€Æ' Due to occurrence of scandals from major public traded companies, regulators and other stakeholders were called for improvements regardingRead MoreEssay about Social And Ethical Impact Of Artificial Intelligence1370 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction As our world expands through the growing abilities and applications of computers in our everyday lives, it seems that the role of the computer has been reversed. Before we knew that the computer only understood what we programmed it to understand; however, now the majority of our society is learning more from computers than they are able to input into it. Dumm (1986 p.69) History The human aspiration to create intelligent machines has appeared in myth and literature forRead MoreSocial and Ethical Impact of Artificial Intelligence Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 Pages VI Bibliography VII Introduction As our world expands through the growing abilities and applications of computers in our everyday lives, it seems that the role of the computer has been reversed. Before we knew that the computer only understood what we programmed it to understand; however, now the majority of our society is learning more from computers than they are able to input into it. Dumm (1986 p.69) History The human aspiration to create intelligent machines has appearedRead MoreComputer Technology And Its Impact On Society1195 Words   |  5 PagesDogra In the early years of computers, engineers had to believe that their contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During this period of infancy, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers were not as multifaceted back then as they are today. Computer technology plays a crucial role in all aspects of our daily lives. Different forms of computer technology provide unique functionalitiesRead MoreAccounting Information System Security1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement of company’s information online has developed into an issue to be concerned. AIS, which is short for Accounting Information System, is not merely related to accounting information management as the business develops around the world. In the various explanations of AIS in the Lecture 1, p12130 Accounting Information System, presented at the University of Nottingham Ningbo by Trevor Bayley, Vaassen (2002) defined AIS as provides information for decision-making and accountability to internal and external

Tips on How to Read Chinese

To the untrained eye, Chinese characters can seem like a confusing mess of lines. But characters have a logic of their own, revealing clues about definition and pronunciation. Once you learn more about the elements of characters, the logic behind them begins to emerge. Why Are Radicals Important? The building blocks of Chinese characters are radicals. Almost all Chinese characters are composed of at least one radical. Traditionally, Chinese dictionaries were classified by radicals, and many modern dictionaries still use this method for looking up characters. Other classification methods used in dictionaries include phonetics and the number of strokes used for drawing characters. Besides their usefulness for categorizing characters, radicals also provide clues for meaning and pronunciation. This is particularly useful when characters also have a related theme. For example, most characters having to do with water or moisture all share the radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ). The radical æ ° ´ on its own is also a Chinese character, which translates to water. Some radicals have more than one form. The radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ), for example, can also be written as æ ° µ when it is used as part of another character. This radical is called ä ¸â€°Ã§â€š ¹Ã¦ ° ´ (sÄ n diÇŽn shuÇ ), which means three drops of water as, indeed, the radical looks like three droplets.  These alternate forms are rarely used independently since they do not stand as Chinese characters on their own.  Therefore, radicals can be a useful tool for remembering the meaning of Chinese characters. Here are a few examples of characters based on the radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ): æ ° ¾ – fà  n – overflow; flood æ ±  – zhÄ « – juice; fluid æ ±  – wà ¡n – weep; shed tears æ ±â€" – hà  n – perspiration æ ±Å¸ – jiÄ ng – river Characters can be composed of more than one radical. When multiple radicals are used, one radical is typically used to hint at the definition of the word while the other radical hints at the pronunciation. For example: æ ±â€" – hà  n – perspiration The radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ) implies that  Ã¦ ±â€" has something to do with water, which makes sense because perspiration is wet. The sound of the character is provided by the other element. Ã¥ ¹ ² (gà  n) on its own is the Chinese character for dry. But gà  n and hà  n sound very similar. Types of Characters There are six different types of Chinese characters: pictographs, ideographs, composites, phonetic loans, radical phonetic compounds, and borrowings. Pictographs The earliest forms of Chinese writing originate from pictographs. Pictographs are simple diagrams meant to represent objects. Examples of pictographs include: æâ€" ¥ – rà ¬ – sun Ã¥ ± ± – shÄ n – mountain é› ¨ – yÇ” – rain ä º º – rà ©n – person These examples are modern forms of pictographs, which are quite stylized. But the early forms clearly show the objects they represent.   Ideographs Ideographs are characters which represent an idea or concept. Examples of ideographs include ä ¸â‚¬ (yÄ «), ä ºÅ' (à ¨r), ä ¸â€° (sÄ n), which means one, two, three. Other ideographs include ä ¸Å  ( shà  ng) which means  up and ä ¸â€¹ (xià  ) which means  down. Composites Composites are formed by combining two or more pictographs or ideographs. Their meanings are often implied by the associations of these elements. Some examples of composites include: Ã¥ ¥ ½ – hÇŽo – good. This character combines woman (Ã¥ ¥ ³) with child (Ã¥ ­ ). æ £ ® – sÄ“n – forest. This character combines three trees (æÅ" ¨) to make a forest. Phonetic Loans As Chinese characters evolved over time, some of the original characters were used (or loaned) to represent words that had the same sound but different meanings. As these characters took on a new meaning, new characters representing the original meaning were devised. Here is an example: Ã¥Å'â€" - bÄ›i   This character originally meant â€Å"the back (of the body)† and was pronounced bà ¨i. Over time, this Chinese character has come to mean north. Today, the Chinese word for back (of the body) is now represented by the character èÆ'Å' (bà ¨i) . Radical Phonetic Compounds These are characters which combine phonetic components with semantic components. These represent approximately 80 percent of modern Chinese characters. You have already seen examples of radical phonetic compounds as discussed earlier.   Borrowings The final category – borrowings – is for characters that represent more than one word. These words have the same pronunciation as the borrowed character, but do not have a character of their own. An example of borrowing is è  ¬ (wà  n) which originally meant â€Å"scorpion†, but came to mean â€Å"ten thousand†, and is also a surname.

Comparing Evil in Emerson, Hawthorne, and Melville Essay

Lionel Trilling once said, A proper sense of evil is surely an attribute of a great writer. (98-99) Although he made the remark in a different context, one would naturally associate Hawthorne and Melville with the comment, while Emersons might be one of the last names to mind. For the modern reader, who is often in the habit of assuming that the most profound and incisive apprehension of reality is a sense of tragedy, Emerson seems to have lost his grip. He has often been charged with a lack of vision of evil and tragedy. Yeats, for example, felt that Whitman and Emerson have begun to seem superficial, precisely because they lack the Vision of Evil (qtd. in Matthiessen 181). There is no doubt that Emerson was†¦show more content†¦(1038) There are Chaos and the Dark, but man can soar over them by unfurling beautiful wings and become an angel of wisdom. (Emerson, American Scholar 1083). It is a duty of Man Thinking to guide men by showing the facts amidst appearances and accepting poverty and solitude. He can and should convert a mulberry leaf into satin and sometimes evil itself can be a guide for good; Drudgery, calamity, exasperation, want, are instructors in eloquence and wisdom. (American Scholar 1082) Moral and natural evil appear in experience but they are not ultimate realities, only relative and transitory. But Emersons belief and reality often clashed head-on with each other. Emerson knew the ideal often exists only in thought and lived by and large only in the mind. In his later essay Experience, his doubt is conveyed quite clearly. In this essay he wanted to reaffirm the hope of humanity and presumably he didnt intend to express such a feeling as frustration, but it is certainly there. The essay opens with a tone of bewilderment: Where do we find ourselves? In a series of which we do not know the extremes, and believe that it has none. We wake and find ourselves on a stair, there are stairs below us, which we seem to have ascended; there are stairs above us, many a one, which go upward and out of sight. But the Genius which according to the old belief stands at the door by whichShow MoreRelatedAre Women Destructive Forces?1674 Words   |  7 PagesBell once said that the quality of a lady is not calculated through the sufferings her adversities in life had given her, but through the degree of her refusal to permit those adversities to direct her and decide who she ends up to be. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter in the early 1800’s about a disgraced woman who emerged from the shadows to alter the precise definition of the disgraceful letter â€Å"A† on her chest. Later, John Steinbeck composed Of Mice and Men in the 1930’s that depicted

The History of Chinese Film free essay sample

History of Chinese Film The history of Chinese film has three separate threads of development: Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China, and Cinema of Taiwan. The cinema of Mainland China after 1949 has grown up somewhat suppressed by the Communist regime until now. The Beginnings: Shanghai as the Center Motion pictures were introduced to China in 1896. The first recorded screening of a motion picture in China occurred in Shanghai on August 11, 1896, as an act on a variety bill. The first Chinese film, a recording of the Beijing Opera, The Battle of Dingjunshan( ), was made in November 1905. For the next ten years the production companies were mainly foreign-owned, and the domestic film industry did not start in earnest until 1916, centering around Shanghai, a thriving entrepot center and the largest city in the Far East. During the 1920s, film technicians from the United States trained Chinese technicians in Shanghai, and American influence continued to be felt there for the next two decades. The first truly important Chinese films were produced starting from the 1930s, when the progressive or left-wing films were made, like Cheng Bugaos Spring Silkworms (1933), Sun Yus The Big Road (1935), and Wu Yonggangs The Goddess (1934). During this time the Kuomintang struggled for power and control over the major studios, and their influence can be seen in the ensuing films produced. The post-1930 era is called the first golden period of Chinese cinema, where several talented directors appeared, most of them are leftist. The period also produced the first big Chinese movie stars, namely Hu Die, Ruan Lingyu, Zhou Xuan, and Jin Yan. Other major films of the period include Song of the Fishermen (1934), Crossroads (1937), and Street Angel (1937). The Japanese invasion of China, in particular their occupation of Shanghai, ended this golden run in Chinese cinema. All production companies all closed except Xinhua company, and many of the filmmakers left Shanghai, relocating in Hong Kong, Communist- and Nationalist-controlled regions, and elsewhere. The Second Golden Age: the late 1940s, and the Communist Era The film industry continued to develop after 1945. A major Chinese production house, the Lianhua Company, re-established itself in Shanghai after the war and once again became the basis for leftist directors. Many showed the disillusionment with the oppressive rule of s Nationalist Party. There were many classics produced during this period, such as Myriads of Lights (1948), Crows and Sparrows (1949), San Mao (1949), and the most important one was, The Spring River Flows East (1947). The Spring River Flows East, is a three-hour-long film which describes the struggles of ordinary Chinese folks during the Sino-Japanese war, this film was immensely popular during that time, making social and political references to the period. The Wenhua Film Company, one of the two important production companies formed by left-leaning film-makers in the city, also contributed some of the masterpieces of the era. A film by Shanghainese director Fei Mu, Springtime in a Small Town 1948), which was produced in Shanghai before the revolution, is often considered by Chinese film critics as the best Chinese film of all time, and certainly one of the most influential. With the Communist takeover in 1949, the government saw motion pictures as an important mass production art form and propaganda. The number of movie-viewers increased sharply, from 47 million in 1949 to 4. 15 billion in 1959. In the 17 years between the founding of the Peoples Republic of China and the Cultural Revolution, 6 03 feature films and 8,342 reels of documentaries and newsreels were produced, sponsored as Communist Party of China by the government. Chinese filmmakers were sent to Moscow to study Soviet filmmaking. In 1956, the Beijing Film Academy was opened. The first wide-screen Chinese film was produced in 1960. Animated_films using a variety of folk arts, such as papercuts, shadow plays, puppetry, and traditional paintings, also were very popular for entertaining and educating children. The most prominent filmmaker of this era is Xie Jin, whose two films in particular, The Red Detachment of Women (1961) and Two Stage Sisters (1965), exemplify the growing expertise China has in the craft of motion pictures. The Cultural Revolution and its Aftermath During the Cultural Revolution, the film industry was severely restricted. Almost all previous films were banned, and only a few new ones were produced. Feature film production came almost to a standstill in the early years from 1966 to 1972. In the years immediately following the Cultural Revolution, the film industry again flourished as a medium of popular entertainment. Domestically produced films played to large audiences, and tickets for foreign film festivals sold quickly. The industry tried to revive crowds by making more innovative films which take in ideas from the West. In the 1980s the film industry fell on hard times, faced problems of competition from other forms of entertainment and concern on the part of the authorities that many of the popular thriller and martial arts films were socially unacceptable. In January 1986 the film industry was transferred from the Ministry of Culture to the newly formed Ministry of Radio, Cinema, and Television . The end of the Cultural Revolution brought the release of scar dramas, which described the emotional traumas left by this period. The most popular of these is probably Xie Jins Hibiscus Town (1986), although they could be seen as late as the 1990s with Tian Zhuangzhuangs The Blue Kite (1993). The rise of the Fifth Generation Beginning in the mid-late 1980s, the rise of the so-called Fifth Generation of Chinese filmmakers brought increased popularity of Chinese cinema abroad. The first generation of filmmakers to produce Chinese films since the Cultural Revolution, they made traditional methods of storytelling and used more free and liberal approach. Yellow Earth (1984), directed by Chen Kaige and photographed by Zhang Yimou, was taken to mark the beginnings of the Fifth Generation. Chen Kaige and Zhang Yimou went on to produce works such as King of Children (1987), Farewell My Concubine (1993), Judou (1989), and Raise the Red Lantern (1991) . Other notable Fifth Generation directors include Wu Ziniu, Hu Mei, and Zhou Xiaowen. The Fifth Generation movement effectively ended in the Tiananmen_Square_protests in 1989. Sixth Generation and Beyond The recent era has seen the return of the amateur filmmaker as state censorship policies have produced an underground film movement loosely referred to as the Sixth Generation. These films are shot quickly and cheaply, which produces a documentary feel: long takes, hand-held cameras, ambient sound . Many films are joint ventures and projects with international investment. Some important Sixth Generation directors are Wang Xiaoshuai (The Days, Beijing Bicycle), Zhang Yuan (Beijing Bastards, East Palace West Palace), Jia Zhangke (Xiao Wu, Unknown Pleasures, Platform, The World), and Lou Ye (Suzhou River). Unlike the Fifth Generation, the Sixth Generation brings a more individualistic, anti-romantic life-view and pays more attention to contemporary urban life. A New Chinese International Cinema In 1999, the multi-national production lt;Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon gt; achieved success at the Western box. It provided an introduction to Chinese cinema to Westerners. In 2002, Hero (movie) was made as a second attempt to produce a Chinese film with the international appeal of Crouching Tiger, Hiden Dragon. The cast and crew featured many of the most famous Chinese actors who were also known in the West, including , , , , and . The film was a phenomenal success in most of Asia and topped the U. S. box office for two weeks. Its pretty much like this about chinese film history. And now my partner will introduced a typical film typeaction film.

RECYCLING Essays - Real Estate, Waste, Chemistry, Manufacturing

RECYCLING TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract3 Types of Construction and Demolition Wastes4 Type I- Roadway and Site Conversion C&D Waste4 Type II- Construction and Interior Demolition Waste5 C&D Waste Processing Strategies5 Type I C&D Waste Processing Strategy6 Type II C&D Waste Processing Strategy7 Conclusion9 References10 ABSTRACT Environmental concerns about the huge landfill space that is being taken by construction and demolition debris has brought up a new technique in salvaging construction material and recycling demolition debris. Although one process exists for two types of waste, many have tried different strategies in dealing with this problem. These strategies vary between "separating and sorting" then "crushing and reducing" and "crushing and reducing" then "separating and sorting". PROCESS OF C&D DEBRIS RECYCLING CMetals, wood, rocks, concrete, rubble, soil, paper, plastics and glass are among the many materials that are considered CRealizing that the disposal of Clarge amount of space and is economically and environmentally costly, the need to get acquainted with suitable recycling processes is becoming more and more essential (1, p.18). Although, only one recycling process has been developed, there are different strategies for implementation. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES Type I - Roadway and Site Conversion C&D Waste C"clean" materials such as wood, metals, and plastics. Type I waste should be easily separable in order to be considered as "clean". The composition by weight of a Type I C&D debris is (2, p.6.31): Rubble concrete, asphalt 40% soil, rock 20% Wood 30% Metals, plastic10% Type II - Construction and Interior Demolition Waste This type is mainly generated from urban structure such as office buildings, stores, etc.. Type II contains mixed fractions of concrete, drywall, framing, ductwork, roofing, windows, corrugated, packaging, etc.(2, p.6.32) . Due to its high heterogeneous composition this type is difficult to separate, it is mainly made of: Rubble25% Wood33% Metals20% Corrugated12% other (carpet, residue, etc.) 10% C & D WASTE PROCESSING STRATEGIES Primary separating equipment used with type I are very efficient while with type II this procedure along with hand sorting will take lots of time. Processing procedure is determined by the type of waste and the possible use of the output materials (2, p.6.32). Table 1 shows the different contents of C & D waste . Table 1 Contents of C&D Waste (2, p.6.31) Waste typeContents RubbleSoil, rock, concrete, asphalt, bricks Tar-based materialShingles, tar paper Ferrous metalSteel rebar, pipes, roofing, flashing, structural members, ductwork Nonferrous metalAluminum, copper, brass Harvested woodStumps, brush, treetops and limbs Untreated woodFraming, scrap lumber, pallets Treated woodPlywood, pressure-treated, laminates PlasterDrywall, sheetrock GlassWindows, doors PlasticVinyl siding, doors, windows, blinds, material packaging White goods/bulky itemsAppliances, furniture, carpeting CorrugatedMaterial packaging, cartons, paper ContaminantsLead paint, lead piping, asbestos, fiberglass, fuel tanks Type I C & D Waste Processing Strategy Clean rubble can directly be placed into a grizzly feeder where a jawcrusher and hammermiller could act on it for reduction. Figure 1 Debris placed into grizzly feeder Sorting and reducing first is more practical than crushing if the debris contains material such as plastics, paper, rags, or contaminants such as paint, lead pipes, etc.. After crushing the mix is then screened to remove fine soil and small rocks. Any contaminants, ferrous, and non ferrous material is removed by either manual picking or magnetic field belt. If wood is present in the rubble then the mix is guided towards a flotation tank where the wood will float and thus the separation from rocks is achieved. Another system instead of a flotation tank could be used and that is an air classifier. The air system is more expensive to use, but if the recycling plant is located in a region where there is strict rules about water pollution, thus requiring that the water from the flotation tank to be treated, then an air system might be a better option. Crushing, reducing and then sorting and separating is much more recommended with systems made from 80% to 90% rubble, wood, a! nd few contaminants. A general processing layout is shown in figure 2 and is available as both fixed and portable designs(2, p.6.34). Figure 2. Recycling plant Type II C&D Waste Processing Strategy It is essential that type II C&D waste be sorted and separated before being crushed and reduced since this type of